Morphological characteristics and dynamic changes of seif dunes in the eastern margin of the Kumtagh Desert,China

The seif dune field over the gravel desert surface in the eastern margin of the Kumtagh Desert is a valuable experimental site for the observation of dune formation and dynamics. We used high-resolution remote sensing and station observation approaches, combined with wind and grain size data, to study the characteristics of the aeolian environment and the morphologies of and dynamic changes in seif dunes. We observed the ratio of the resultant drift potential (RDP) to the drift potential (DP), which was 0.37, associated with an obtuse bimodal wind regime. The drift potentials in the west-northwest (WNW) and east-northeast (ENE) directions were dominant, and the angle between the two primary DP directions was 135.00°. The dune orientations ranged from 168.75°-213.75°, which were parallel to the resultant drift direction (186.15°). The dune lengths ranged from 51.68 to 1932.11 m with a mean value of 344.91 m. The spacings of the dunes ranged from 32.34 to 319.77 m with a mean value of 93.39 m. The mean grain size of the sediments became finer, and the sorting became better from upwind tail to downwind tip, which indicated that the sediment of the seif dunes in the study region may be transported from northward to southward. The rate of increase in the length, the mean longitudinal migration rate of the dune tail, and the mean longitudinal extension rate of the dune tip (also called elongation rate) were 4.93, 4.63, and 9.55 m/a, respectively. The mean lateral migration vector of the seif dunes was approximately 0.11 m/a towards the west (-0.11 m/a), while the mean amplitude of lateral migration was 0.53 m/a, ignoring the direction of lateral migration. We found that the seif dune field formed first beside seasonal rivers, which can provide sediment, and then expanded downwind.     

科尔沁沙地沙丘-草甸区土壤水、地下水对降雨的响应

依据野外观测数据,研究了科尔沁沙地沙丘、草甸两种地貌类型区土壤含水率以及地下水位对降雨的响应规律。结果表明:(1)沙丘表层0-20cm的土壤含水率在降雨开始后20min就基本能够达到最大值,此后开始减小,水分不断向下运移,最大可引起次表层(20-60cm)土壤水分发生一定变化,但不会引起剖面更深层位土壤含水率的变化;2009年丰水期沙丘地下水位变动趋势为总体抬升,但受到降雨及其他因素影响产生一定波动,但影响幅度较小;(2)就草甸地而言,即使是很小的降雨量也会引起草甸地较深层位土壤含水率的变化,雨后草甸地土壤剖面受降雨影响最大的层位是20-40cm,而同时段40-80cm处的土壤含水率波动较小。草甸地地下水位波动大于沙丘,较小的降水也会引起草甸地地下水位的迅速上升,上升持续时间短,而后立即转入下降,属陡涨陡落型。研究成果对沙地的生态保护具有一定的指导作用。     

Contribution of underlying terrain to sand dunes: evidence from the Qaidam Basin,Northwest China

Underlying terrain strongly influences dune formation. However, the impacts of underlying terrain on the dune formation are poorly studied. In the present research, we focused on dunes that formed in the alluvial fans and dry salt flats in the Qaidam Basin, Northwest China. We quantified the dunes' sediment characteristics on different types of underlying terrain and the terrain's effects on the surface quartz grains by analyzing grain-size distribution, soluble salt contents and grain surface micro-textures. Results showed that barchan dunes were dominated by medium sands with a unimodal frequency distribution, whose peak corresponded to the saltation load. Linear dunes were mainly composed of fine sands with a bimodal frequency distribution, whose main peak represented the saltation load, and whose secondary peak represented the modified saltation or suspension load. Sand was transported from source area by running water (inland rivers) over short distances and by wind over relatively longer distances. Thus, quartz grains had poor roundness and were dominated by sub-angular and angular shapes. Surface micro-textures indicated that dune sands were successively transported by exogenic agents (glaciation, fluviation and wind). Soluble salt contents were low in dunes that developed in the alluvial fans, which represented a low-energy chemical environment, so the grain surface micro-textures mainly resulted from mechanical erosion, with weak micro-textures formed by SiO₂ solution and precipitation. However, soluble salt contents were much higher in dunes that developed in the dry salt flats, which indicated a high-energy chemical environment. Therefore, in addition to micro-structures caused by mechanical erosion, micro-textures formed by SiO₂ solution and precipitation also well developed. Our results improve understanding of the sediment characteristics of dune sands and the effects of underlying terrain on dune development in the Qaidam Basin, China.     

新疆艾勒逊乌拉沙漠沙丘表层沉积物粒径及分形特征

[目的]对新疆艾勒逊乌拉沙漠表层沉积物粒度特征进行研究,旨在了解其地表沉积物粒度特征及影响沉积物粒度分布的因素。[方法]对沙漠及沙丘表层沉积物粒度进行粒级划分,并对粒度参数、分形维数分析。[结果](1)研究区表层沉积物平均粒径为284.63μm,中砂为主,占48.93%;偏度为-0.18,呈负偏,距沙源近,搬运介质动力强;分选系数为1.10,分选性极好;峰度值为1.01,属常峰态,沉积物颗粒分布较均匀。(2)流动性沙丘和半固定沙丘表层沉积物偏度值分别为-0.13和-0.08,分别呈负偏、中等,两类沙丘粗砂砾较多;分选系数分别为1.66和1.76,均呈中等,沉积物粒度分布较均匀;峰度值分别为1.10和1.12,为常峰态和较窄峰,说明沙丘的粗颗粒沉积物在沙漠中相对集中。(3)流动性沙丘和半固定沙丘从迎风坡底到背风坡底表层沉积物的粒度平均粒径值依次分别为289.58,310.44,290.92,277.64,275.36μm和310.34,306.68,337.78,290.36,277.68μm,两类沙丘粗颗粒沉积物均集中在迎风坡。半固定沙丘迎风坡粗颗粒沉积物含量高于流动性沙丘迎风坡粗颗粒...     

沪池沟小流域综合治理成效显著

沪池沟小流域综合治理成效显著韦桂林，张连伟，朱光生（河南省洛宁县水利电力，４７１７００）一、概述沪池沟试点小流域，总面积２３．２９ｋｍ２，其中水土流失面积２２．６ｋｍ２。流域内植被稀少、沟壑纵横、山高坡陡、水土流失极为严重。试点治理前，梁坡是群众耕种...     

影响沙棘生长主要生态因子的灰色优势分析

在黄土高原沟壑区，影响沙棘生长的主要生态因子中，地形、土壤因子的影响集中表现为土壤水分的影响，而土壤水分主要受气象因子的影响。气象因子对沙棘生长的影响很大，其中水分类子出于对沙棘总体生长的影响大于热量类子因子；４～６月降雨为影响沙棘生长的优势气象因子。在土壤水分条件较好的阴沟坡，沙棘生长与气象因子的关联度最小，在水分条件较差的它立地，沙棘生长与气象因子的关联度较大。由此可见，生长在阴沟议的沙棘基本上能达到“旱涝保收”，而在干旱立地上，沙棘生长对水分类气象子因子的依赖性很大。     

植物网格沙障防风固沙试验研究

植物网格沙障防风固沙试验研究修竹奇，刘明义，刘艳军，张利（吉林省水土保持科学研究所，辽源市１３６２００）郑秀文，于德和（吉林省松源市扶余区水利局）吉林是我国沙漠化土地较多、风沙危害较严重的省份之一。吉林西部风蚀面积为１５７８４．５ｋｍ２，其中流动沙丘...     

不同立地条件下黄花补血草种群生长、繁殖与土壤水分的差异

[目的]揭示不同立地条件下黄花补血草种群生长、繁殖与土壤水分的差异,为黄花补血草的管理提供科学依据。[方法]选取4个不同沙丘类型的黄花补血草地斑块作为试验样地,研究黄花补血草的生长、繁殖以及水分等。[结果](1)不同立地类型黄花补血草种群的生长与繁殖特征存在明显差异,它主要反映在单株地上生物量、高度、冠幅和密度方面;(2)不同类型的沙丘上黄花补血草单株生殖枝数、花量均存在显著差异的相关性;(3)不同立地类型的黄花补血草土壤含水量存在明显差异,但是在不同的土壤深度上土壤的含水率的差异不显著,丘间地不同土壤深度的土壤含水率差异比较大。[结论]干旱荒漠生境条件下最适宜生长的黄花补血草的沙丘类型为丘间地。     

古尔班通古特沙漠不同地貌部位生物结皮的选择性分布

新疆古尔班通古特沙漠是我国最大的固定和半固定沙漠，其间广泛发育着以地衣植物为主的生物结皮，是除种子植物以外的固定沙面的重要生物因子。研究表明，生物结皮的分布对地貌部位有较强的选择性，生物结皮的不同发育阶段种类组成亦有较大的差别。沙垄顶部为流动或半流动沙丘，主要以微生物种类分布为主。沿沙垄顶部向两侧坡间延伸，开始出现发育较弱的藻结皮，脆而极易破损。从坡上部至坡中部出现发育充分的藻结皮，具有一定的抗机械能力，并在局部微地形凸起部位有地衣植物出现。沿坡中部至坡下缘部，逐渐开始发育有良好的地衣结皮。同时，在蛇麻黄等低矮灌木群落下已经发育有苔藓结皮。丘间低地是生物结皮最为丰富的部位，苔藓植物除分布于低矮灌丛下外，还在灌丛间形成面积不等的纯群，与发育良好的地衣结皮镶嵌分布。